General Background
This consultancy is based in the Water Supply and
Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), hosted by UNOPS. Founded in 1990,
WSSCC is a membership organization, based on individual membership. WSSCC’s mission is to ensure sustainable
sanitation, better hygiene and safe drinking water for all people, especially
the poorest and most marginalized members of society in developing countries.
In order to achieve its mission, WSSCC manages the Global Sanitation Fund,
facilitates sector coordination at national, regional and global levels,
supports professional development, and advocates on behalf of the 2 billion
people without basic sanitation and 673 million defecating in the open. More
information on WSSCC can be found at: www.wsscc.org.
WSSCC works in partnerships and collaborations to
ensure wider reach and impact in sanitation and hygiene. One of these
partnerships is with the Global Handwashing Partnership, where WSSCC also
serves as one of its Steering committee members.
The Global Handwashing Partnership is a coalition of
international stakeholders who work explicitly to promote handwashing with soap
and recognize hygiene as a pillar of international development and public
health. Their partnership brings together organizations from multiple sectors, including
private sector entities, academic institutions, multilateral and governmental
agencies that lead global policy and support implementation of handwashing
programs and non-governmental and community-based organizations that promote
and integrate handwashing programs. The GHP Secretariat is housed at FHI 360 in
Washington, D.C. The Secretariat facilitates delivery of the GHP strategy
including developing materials, sharing lessons and resources, and connecting
organizations across our diverse network. More information can be found at: https://globalhandwashing.org
Background and Scope of Assignment
WSSCC as a Steering committee member of the
Global Handwashing Partnership (GHP) made a commitment in collaboration with
GHP secretariat to support GHP national work in 2 countries in its business plan of
2018-2019. One of the countries agreed upon was Nigeria.
This consultancy assignment is based on the need
for a situational analysis of the handwashing program status in Nigeria. Nigeria’s
president launched its Clean Nigeria Campaign on the 19th November
2019, after declaring open defecation in Nigeria as a national disaster. This
was triggered by a national outcome routine mapping (WASH NORM) that was
carried out and its results shared in September 2018. The WASH NORM report
indicated that Nigeria currently has 155 million people with no access to
improved sanitation facilities which are functional, private, accessible and
with faecal sludge safely disposed. Of these, 47 million Nigerians practice
open defecation. Only 19.7% of Nigerian households have access to a fixed place
for handwashing with soap and water. The practice of handwashing at critical
times was reported to be 6% with a knowledge level of 12.5%. Diarrheal disease
prevalence in Nigeria is at 11.3%.
WSSCC is keen to support the government of
Nigeria through the Federal Ministry of Water Resources (FMWR) to ensure that
as the Clean Nigeria Campaign is launched, that handwashing will be one of the
key behaviors that the campaign will influence among the 187 million Nigerians.
The handwashing situational assessment will identify stakeholders who are
contributing to handwashing practice, examine available formative research on
the key determinants for handwashing for different groups, and determine what
kind of programming has been implemented utilizing formative research for
program design. The situational assessment will also determine the range of promising
approaches in handwashing programs based upon existing evaluations of the
programming, handwashing practice levels among different groups in different
parts of the country based upon available information, private sector
enterprises involved in soap distribution and other businesses which support
handwashing and their marketing programs, and the value for money for proven approaches that
have worked well. The GHP will work
closely to facilitate the situational assessment.
Objectives
of the assignment
The
specific purpose of this study is for WSSCC in partnership with GHP through the
Federal Ministry of Water Resources to gain a better understanding of status of
handwashing programs in Nigeria. This will allow FMWR to strengthen its Clean
Nigeria Campaign strategies on behaviour change towards handwashing practices,
provide guidance (development and implementation) on the best approaches and
programmes and contribute to improved access to handwashing facilities and
services.
The
study is expected to feed into the Clean Nigeria Campaign that is hosted by the
Federal Ministry of Water Resources. This study will systematically identify who is
involved in promoting behavior change towards handwashing, what programming
approaches are promising for different groups in Nigeria based upon existing formative
research and programs which have been evaluated to have been effective, provide recommendations based on the various
approaches that have worked well and their extent of success, and how much these promising interventions have
costed per outcomes.
It
will identify various challenges and what opportunities exist for handwashing
interventions in Nigeria that would increase access as well as ensure sustained
behaviour change.
This
assignment will also provide a quality check on the formative research and approaches
used and provide guidance on any reviews that may be required.