Background – UNMAS
The United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) was esta...
Background – UNMAS
The United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) was established in 1997, by the General Assembly, and as per the UN Policy on Mine Action and Effective Coordination (A/53/496, 1998) is the established coordinator of mine action within the United Nations system. UNMAS supports the UN's vision of "a world free of the threat of landmines and unexploded ordnance, where individuals and communities live in a safe environment conducive to development, and where mine survivors are fully integrated into their societies." UNMAS is a unit within the Office of Rule of Law and Security Institutions (OROLSI) within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). When instructed by the Security Council or called upon by Member States, UNMAS deploys under humanitarian, peace and security mandates. UNMAS main headquarters is in the UN Secretariat, New York with a sub-office in Geneva. UNMAS provides direct support and assistance in the areas of Explosive Hazard (EH) mitigation to 18 countries/territories/missions, has a standby rapid response capacity and global technical advisors in the field of Improvised Explosive Devices and (IED) Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM).
Background – UNMAS Iraq
UNMAS deployed an initial assessment team to Iraq in March 2015 and has since expanded to offices in both Baghdad and Erbil and supporting multiple layers of operations.
The UNMAS Iraq programme (“UNMAS Iraq”) was formally established in June 2015, at the request of the UN Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Iraq, to lead the UN efforts to mitigate explosive threats in the country, as well as to support the enhancement of national and regional mine action capacities.The presence of explosive hazards and explosive contamination in areas ‘retaken’ from the Islamic State inIraq and the Levant (ISIL) occupation in Iraq continued to impede security and stability efforts across Iraq. UNMAS has implemented a comprehensive response to address the problem of explosive remnants of war (ERW) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in areas newly retaken from ISIL occupation. Iraq is heavily contaminated with large volumes of recorded and unquantified ERW through protracted ground fighting and aerial bombing. Recent years have seen unprecedented accumulations of IEDs placed in urban and rural areas largely by ‘scorched earth’ tactics by ISIL. This is exemplified by the situation in areas recently retaken from ISIL occupation, and where areas have become uninhabitable and inaccessible because of such threats. As a result, this poses such a significant blockage for humanitarian response efforts, with the UN and national leadership repeatedly referring to a ‘mine action’ as being a high priority.