Background – UNMAS
The United Nations Mine Action
Service (UNMAS) was esta...
Background – UNMAS
The United Nations Mine Action
Service (UNMAS) was established in 1997, by the General Assembly, and as per
the UN Policy on Mine Action and Effective Coordination (A/53/496, 1998) is the
established coordinator of mine action within the United Nations system. UNMAS
supports the UN's vision of "a world free of the threat of landmines and
unexploded ordnance, where individuals and communities live in a safe
environment conducive to development, and where mine survivors are fully
integrated into their societies."
UNMAS is a unit within the Office of
Rule of Law and Security Institutions (OROLSI) within the Department of
Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO). When instructed by the Security Council or
called upon by Member States, UNMAS deploys under humanitarian, peace and
security mandates. UNMAS main headquarters is in the UN Secretariat, New York
with a sub-office in Geneva. UNMAS provides direct support and assistance in
the areas of Explosive Hazard (EH) mitigation to 18
countries/territories/missions, has a standby rapid response capacity and
global technical advisors in the field of Improvised Explosive Devices and
(IED) Weapons and Ammunition Management (WAM).
Background – UNMAS
Iraq
UNMAS deployed an initial assessment
team to Iraq in March 2015 and has since expanded to offices in both Baghdad
and Erbil and supporting multiple layers of operations.
The UNMAS Iraq programme (“UNMAS
Iraq”) was formally established in June 2015, at the request of the UN
Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Special
Representative of the Secretary General for Iraq, to lead the UN efforts to
mitigate explosive threats in the country, as well as to support the
enhancement of national and regional mine action capacities.
The presence of explosive hazards and
explosive contamination in areas ‘retaken’ from the Islamic State in Iraq and
the Levant (ISIL) occupation in Iraq continued to impede security and stability
efforts across Iraq. UNMAS has implemented a comprehensive response to address
the problem of explosive remnants of war (ERW) and improvised explosive devices
(IEDs) in areas newly retaken from ISIL occupation. Iraq is heavily
contaminated with large volumes of recorded and unquantified ERW through
protracted ground fighting and aerial bombing.
Recent years have seen
unprecedented accumulations of IEDs placed in urban and rural areas largely by
‘scorched earth’ tactics by ISIL. This is exemplified by the situation in areas
recently retaken from ISIL occupation, and where areas have become
uninhabitable and inaccessible because of such threats. As a result, this poses
such a significant blockage for humanitarian response efforts, with the UN and
national leadership repeatedly referring to a ‘mine action’ as being a high
priority